Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome or PCOD is a medical condition that affects menstruation, fertility & overall appearance of the women. It is a genetic condition caused by hormonal dysfunction where the affected ovaries will generate partially mature or immature eggs in large numbers, during their reproductive years. Overtime these immature ova can develop into cysts in the ovaries. Due to cysts the ovaries become large and secrete large amount of male sex hormones (testosterone) leading to symptoms like infertility problems, irregular periods, unwanted weight gain & other health issues.
CAUSES:
CAUSES: Exact cause is unknown but it is thought to be affected by genetic, environmental & endocrinological factors. Research suggests that it might be due to multiple gene involvement with strong environmental influences including diet & lifestyle factors. Few contributing factors include – a sedentary lifestyle, diet consisting of junk food & unhealthy food preferences, pollution, stress.
Physiological Changes Caused by PCOD:
Signs of PCOD:
- Irregular Periods
- Menstrual irregularities – delayed menstrual cycles with less or heavy bleeding.
- Dark pigmentation of skin especially under breast, groin, neck
- Acne on face, back, chest
- Hair issues like increased hair fall, thinning of hair, excessive growth of hair on back, chest, belly
- Weight gain
- Inability to conceive -> infertility
- Sleep disorders like insomnia, depression
Investigations:
- Pelvic examination by the Gynaecologist.
- Blood tests to assess hormone levels, lipid levels, blood sugar & Insulin levels.
- Ultrasound to check for cysts in ovaries and uterine lining.
Treatment:
- Diet modification helps in managing symptoms. Even a 5% reduction in body weight can help reduce symptoms significantly.
- Eliminating sugars and reducing fatty foods.
- Regular exercise.
- Hormonal treatment to induce ovulation and regulation of menstrual cycle.
- Laparoscopic surgery whenever indicated.
- Treatment of infertility.
- Treatment to manage other associated skin and health conditions.
If diagnosed with PCOD or if you have any signs or symptoms indicating PCOD, it is important to consult a Gynaecologist. Though there is no permanent cure for PCOD at present but women can lead relatively normal lives with lifestyle modification and treatment.
